Induced mutation and radiation sensitivity in vitro culture of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill)

Abstract

In our research, the seeds of J-357 soybean variety were irradiated with 50, 100, 200, 300 and 500 Gy of gamma rays. Callus and meristem cultures were established from the primary leaves and apical meristem of 5-day-old seeding from the irradiation seeds. The average callus fresh weight formed at the cultures were determined on the 30th day and GR50 dose which reduces the callus fresh weight at the rate 50% in accordance with control was found as 250 Gy. The regenerated plants from meristem cultures were determined on the 28th day and LD50 dose which decreases the regenerated plant percentage at the 50% in accordance with control was found as 220 Gy. Cytological investigation was done at the callus and meristem cultures obtained from both irradiated seeds and explants. At the seed and explant irradiations, gamma radiation dose between the ranges 50 to 200 Gy and 5 to 25 Gy; respectively were used. Observations were done at mitotic anaphase in the samples taken from meristem and callus cultures. In anaphase, two types of cytological aberrations, bridge and fragments were determined. The regenerated plants were grown in the climate chamber and the seeds were taken from each M1 plant and chlorophyll mutants were determined in M2 generation. The radiosensitivity of the meristem cultures established by irradiated seeds from view of plant regenerations and plant number which is taken seed was evaluated by comparing with the results of meristem cultures established from the irradiated explant from the point of in vitro mutation studies