Uluslararası İndeksli Yayınlar / International Indexed Publications

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4-Hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-One Isolated in Cryogenic Argon and Xenon Matrices: Tautomers and Photochemistry
(Elsevier, 2024) Secrieru, A.; Lopes, S.; Nikitin, T.; Cristiano, Maria L. S.; FAUSTO, RUI
4-Hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one (4HQ2O) was synthesized, isolated in cryogenic matrices (argon and xenon), and studied by infrared spectroscopy. Quantum chemical calculations carried out at the DFT(B3LYP)/6-311++G (3df,3pd) level of theory were used to determine the conformational and tautomeric properties of the molecule. Two tautomeric forms were identified in the as-deposited matrices with the help of the theoretical data. To investigate the photochemistry of the compound, in situ broadband ultraviolet (lambda > 283 nm) irradiation of the asdeposited argon matrix was performed. This irradiation led to the generation of an additional tautomer, together with the products of fragmentation of the heterocyclic ring of the molecule, specifically isocyanic acid and carbon monoxide. Photoproducts such as 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one and cyclohepta-1,2,4,6-tetraene were also observed in the photolyzed argon matrix. A comprehensive assignment of the infrared spectra of all the species observed experimentally is presented.
Open Access
A Bayesian Deep Neural Network Approach to Seven-Point Thermal Sensation Perception
(IEEE-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc., 2022) ÇAKIR, MUSTAFA; AKBULUT, AKHAN
To create and maintain comfortable indoor environments, predicting occupant thermal sensation is an important goal for architects, engineers, and facility managers. The link between thermal comfort, productivity, and health is common knowledge, and researchers have developed many state-of-the-art thermal-sensation models from dozens of research projects over the last 50 years. In addition to these, the use of intelligent data-analysis techniques, such as black-box artificial neural networks (ANNs), is receiving research attention with the aim of designing building thermal-behavior models from collected data. With the convergence of the internet of things (IoT), cloud computing, and artificial intelligence (AI), smart buildings now protect us and keep us comfortable while saving energy and cutting emissions. These types of smart buildings play a vital role in building smart cities of the future. The aim of this study is to help facility managers predict the thermal sensation of the occupants under the given circumstances. To achieve this, we applied a data-driven approach to predict the thermal sensation of occupants of an indoor environment using previously collected data. Our main contribution is to design and evaluate a deep neural network (DNN) for predicting thermal sensations with a high degree of accuracy regardless of building type, climate zone, or a building's heating and/or ventilation methods. We used the second version of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Global Thermal Comfort Database to train our model. The hyperparameter-tuning process of the proposed model is optimized using the Bayesian strategy and predicts the thermal sensation of occupants with 78% accuracy, which is much higher than the traditional predicted mean vote (PMV) model and the other shallow and deep networks compared.
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A Pandemic Experience of Remote Working: Reflections on Emotions
(Peterlang, 2021) Peksatıcı Yanıkoğlu, Özge; Ergun, Hande Sinem; Samur Teraman; Seray Begüm; 223341; 173087; 31285
Covid-19 pandemic employs spectacular and specific characteristics that are unique only to this period. First of all, remote working during Covid-19 is enforced. In other words, it is not a choice but rather an obligation to work remotely. In addition, mobility and socialization are limited under pandemic circumstances. Moreover, companies and employees had to switch remote working suddenly, and therefore they were unprepared for this sudden change (Waizenegger, McKenna, Cai, & Bendz, 2020). Before the pandemic, remote working could have been perceived as a “positive” option that provides more freedom and flexibility to the employees, employers, and scholars in the field. However, Covid-19’s enforced remote working unraveled the efficiencies of our working assumptions and challenged them. In fact, it can be argued that “the meaning of work” has also changed during the pandemic. In order to maintain the “business as usual”, it is on the shoulders of the knowledge workers to quickly adapt to the sudden merge of the living and working environment and the new ways of digital interacting.
Open Access
Active Child, Healthy Child Project: The Effects on Dynamic Balance of an Increase in Femoral Anteversion in Healthy Developing Children
(AVES, 2024) APTİ, ADNAN; AKALAN, NAZİF EKİN; AKEL, BURCU SEMİN; EVRENDİLEK, HALENUR; ÖNERGE, KÜBRA; NAS, İMGE
Objective: Increased femoral anteversion (IFA) is defined as the anterior rotation of the femoral head in relation to the transcondylar axis of the knee. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of IFA in healthy developing children and to investigate the effects of IFA on dynamic balance. Methods: School screening was conducted on 315 school-age children (6-14 years old, mean 9.9 ± 2 years), and IFA was determined in 26 children. From the same sample, 36 children with no IFA were selected as the control group. Data obtained from the Y balance test, handgrip strength with a digital dynamometer, IFA according to the Craig’s test, and joint hypermobility according to the Beighton score were compared between the groups. Independent sample t-test and Pearson’s correlation test were used in the statistical analysis. Results: This study was carried out on a narrow universe of children mean aged 9.9 ± 2 years, and the incidence of IFA was determined as 8.3%. The Y balance scores were found to be higher in the IFA group than in the controls (P=.049 right, P=.027 left). There was no correlation between Craig’s test and the Y balance test results (r=0.04). No difference was found between the groups for muscle strength and joint hypermobility scores associated with balance. Conclusion: Balance may not be one of the causes of frequent falls in children with IFA. Further studies are needed to further examine the biomechanical causes of falls, as studies to improve balance may not provide sufficient benefit to prevent fall-related trauma and injury in children with IFA. © 2024 AVES. All rights reserved.
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Adaptation of Gamification as a Man-Machine Interface to Franchise Management System
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021) ALTUNEL, YUSUF; GÜNAYDIN, BURAK; KALABALIKOĞLU, FURKAN
Current man-machine interfaces are far from fitting human expectations in understanding and transmission of noteworthy signs and hints that are natural ingredients of human communication. There are certain indicators and interaction possibilities that can be passed between the two sides but as a result of complex behavior and dynamic changing conditions of environments they can be lost, or at least might require long and complex processing. Gamification is used to enhance the interaction possibilities providing the visual representation of environmental conditions and critical indicators, as well as providing the ability to send and receive requests using suitable techniques for human such as touches, and finger moves on Unity environment. Franchise Management System is selected as a case study and adapted to maintain the interactions between franchiser and franchisee. © 2021 IEEE.
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Adaptation, Reliability, and Validation of the Turkish Version of the Bad Sobernheim Stress Questionnaire-Deformity in Patients With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
(Wolters Kluwer Health, 2023) Akçay, Burçin; Kuru Çolak, Tuǧba; APTİ, ADNAN
Background:There is a limited number of disease-specific outcome measurement scales in Turkish, which can be used for individuals with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). The aim of this study was to translate, adapt, and evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Bad Sobernheim Stress Questionnaire-Deformity (TRv.BSSQD) questionnaire in Turkish patients with AIS.Objective(s):After the translation and back-translation process, the TRv.BSSQD and Scoliosis Research Society-22 questionnaires were completed in face-to-face interviews with 49 patients with AIS. The TRv.BSSQD questionnaire was readministered to the same patients 2 weeks later to assess test-retest reliability.Results:The Cronbach alpha value calculated for internal reliability was 0.806. The intraclass correlation coefficient values of the items of the TRv.BSSQD ranged from 0.809 (P < 0.001) (question 8) to 0.955 (P < 0.001) (question 7). The test-retest correlation coefficient for the item-total score was 0.960 (P < 0.001). Validity analysis showed a significantly positive correlation between the TRv.BSSQD total score and pain, self-image, and mental subgroup and the total scores of the SRS-22r scale (P < 0.05).Conclusions:This patient-reported outcome instrument, the TRv.BSSQD, showed good internal consistency, good reliability with test-retest analysis, and construct validity, suggesting that it is an appropriate assessment instrument for Turkish patients with AIS.
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Adaptive Direction-Guided Structure Tensor Total Variation
(Elsevier, 2021) Kamasak, Mustafa E.; TÜREYEN, EZGİ DEMİRCAN
Direction-guided structure tensor total variation (DSTV) is a recently proposed regularization term that aims at increasing the sensitivity of the structure tensor total variation (STV) to the changes towards a predetermined direction. Despite of the plausible results obtained on the uni-directional images, the DSTV model is not applicable to the arbitrary (multi-directional and/or partly nondirectional) images. In this study, we build a two-stage denoising framework that brings adaptivity to the DSTV based denoising. We design a DSTV-like alternative to STV, which encodes the first-order information within a local neighborhood under the guidance of spatially varying directional descriptors (i.e., orientation and the dose of anisotropy). In order to estimate those descriptors, we propose an efficient preprocessor that captures the local geometry based on the structure tensor. Through the extensive experiments, we demonstrate how beneficial the involvement of the directional information in STV is, by comparing the proposed method with the state-of-the-art analysis-based denoising models, both in terms of quality and computational efficiency.
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After the Protest: Istanbul Park Forums and People's Engagement in Political Action
(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd., 2022) RAMAZANOĞULLARI, HANDE
This article presents an overview of the Istanbul park forums that emerged in parallel with the Gezi events - social protest movements that took place in summer 2013. Despite the criticism that Gezi events were short-lived, impulsive, and ineffectual I argue that they have a long-lasting influence on democratic consciousness and new forms of political action. Istanbul park forums, the street and urban squares have become an important link between those who wish to transform the qualities of both democracy and the regime at large with efforts to create influence over local and national policy-making processes through engagement in political action. Drawing from the political theory of Hannah Arendt, this study assigns the capacities of 'deed and speech' to redefine 'politics'. Analyzing the politics of the park forum process through the lens and concepts of Arendt's political theory suggests an alternative way of evaluating the eventual dissolution of the Gezi events: rather than suffering from the inability to organize themselves within the conventional format of party politics, I show that the Gezi community deliberately created a new manner of engagement through political action, and thereby cast its influence as a historic landmark in the future of Turkish politics.
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Agent-Based Modelling of Interstellar Contacts Using Rumour Spread Models
(Cambridge University Press, 2020) Uyar, Tevfik; Özel, Mehmet Emin
Some stochastic model of rumours asserts that even an advanced communication network does not guarantee every agent hears certain news because they predict that rumour spreaders convert to stifflers when contacted with an informed agent. In this study, we adapted two rumour spread models to interstellar communication by developing an agent-based model (ABM) for exploring the issue more rigorously. We enhanced the spread models by adding two additional parameters called conversion probability and stop-criterion, which represent the eagerness and persistency of civilizations to establish new contacts. Results of the ABM under several settings suggest that limited SETI searches lead to undiscovered civilizations. Earth may be one of these undiscovered civilizations although an advanced communication network might already be set up. Hence, we speculate that rumour spread models can propose another solution to Fermi's Paradox.
Open Access
An Analysis of Differential Bundle Functioning in Multidimensional Tests Using the SIBTEST Procedure
(Jate-Int Journal Assessment Tools Education, 2022) ÖZDOĞAN, DİDEM; Kelecioğlu, Hülya
This study aims to analyze the differential bundle functioning in multi-dimensional tests with a specific purpose to detect this effect through differentiating the location of the item with dif in the test, the correlation between the dimensions, the sample size, and the ratio of reference to focal group size. The first 10 items of the test that is comprised of 30 items were acknowledged as the bundle. The data in line with the parameters were generated via sas program as two categories (1-0) and multidimensional through an extended 2pl model. Differential bundle functioning was detected via the sibtest procedure. The results of the study were interpreted according to the criteria of the power rate and the type I error. When the results were reviewed, the analysis of the bundle revealed that the more the correlation between the two dimensions increased, relatively the less the power rates became. It was observed that the power rates, which were obtained according to two different sample sizes in the study, increased as the sample size increased. Another result as to the sibtest's power for detecting dif was the highest when the ratio of reference to focal group size was equal. According to the results of the type I error rate, the error rate was observed to be relatively decreasing as the correlation between the dimensions increased and it was observed to be increasing as the sample size increased. Also, the highest error rate was obtained when the ratio of the samples was equal.
Open Access
An Efficient Generation and Security Analysis of Substitution Box Using Fingerprint Patterns
(IEEE, 2020) ŞENGEL, ÖZNUR; Aydın, Muhammed Ali; Sertbaş, Ahmet
Information and its security have attracted the research community in recent years with increasing usage of mobile applications. Mobile devices have different security options in data transmission such as reading some biometric values. The keystone of the modern block and stream ciphers is the use of a substitution box (s-box) that obscures correlation between plaintext and ciphertext. In this study, we proposed a novel s-box generation algorithm by using the fingerprint pattern of the person who transfers information to the target. We generated several s-boxes by using bifurcation and ridge ending features of the fingerprint. Proposed s-boxes are compared with several known s-boxes over nonlinearity, bijectiveness, strict avalanche criterion, bit independence criterion, linear probability, and differential probability. Along with these properties, we analyzed confidence interval and randomness properties of new s-boxes as well. Also, the execution time of the proposed s-box generation algorithm is calculated and examined. The results of the cryptographic properties have shown that the proposed s-boxes by using ridge ending of the fingerprint performs better. The performances analysis show that the proposed s-box has satisfactory results according to the results of chaotic-based s-boxes. On the other hand, the fingerprint s-boxes are much better than the existing biometric s-boxes according to the s-box security metrics. The results have shown that the execution time of the proposed s-box generation algorithm is more minimum than the existing biometric s-box generation algorithms. Resulting from applying fingerprint biometric data to generate an s-box, such a successful algorithm is promising to be used in mobile devices.
Open Access
An Evaluation of Liminality in Nadine Gordimer's July's People
(2020-03) KABAK, MURAT
Set during a civil war in the apartheid South Africa, Nadine Gordimer's July's People is centred around the relationship between the Smales family and their former servant July. As the communal ties disintegrate in the novel, three objects play a vital role in our understanding of the characters. For the purposes of this study, these symbols not only help us to reveal the nature of spatial-temporal dislocation but also reveal Gordimer's commentary on the apartheid South Africa. This study aims to contribute the existing scholarship by focusing on the liminal/in-between experience in July's People through analyzing the novel's preoccupation with subject-object relationship.
Open Access
Analysis of a Prefabricated Vertical Drain (PVD) Soil Improvement Project
(Turkish Chamber Civil Engineers, 2022) MERT, AHMET CAN; AREL, ERSİN; ÖNALP, AKIN
A settlement analysis has been carried out for several sectors of a rail station yard improved with prefabricated vertical drains (PVD) in Istanbul, that exhibited prolonged consolidation beyond the predicted values in certain sectors of the treated zone. Final settlement and End of Primary (EOP) settlement times have been estimated theoretically as well as using the Asaoka graphical procedure. The compliance of settlement-time curves with in-situ measurements and Asaoka solution has been investigated. A geotechnical model was developed for finite element and three-dimensional consolidation analyses. The settlement curves obtained by varying horizontal-vertical permeability coefficient ratio (k(h)/k(v)) and in-situ measurements have been compared, and k(h)/k(v) values corresponding to 90% degree of consolidation has been computed for all sectors. The effect of drain spacing (S-drain) as well as drain length (L-drain) on the rate of consolidation have been evaluated for each sector, keeping the specified ratios constant. The times corresponding to 95% degree of consolidation (t(95)) have been calculated using the theoretical solution and compared to in-situ measurements. Calculated t(95)'s has also been compared to their estimated values by varying the spacing (S-drain) and the length (L-drain). Additionally, the required intervals of S-drain and L-drain have been obtained corresponding to the calculated t(95) times. The analyses suggest that the main reason for prolonged consolidation was the horizontal to vertical permeability coefficient ratio. According to the analysis results, PVD implementation was not efficient in clays having k(h)/k(v) of approximately unity. The main conclusion of this study was to discover the necessity for optimizing the variables in any such project. The efficacy of the works can be significantly enhanced if simultaneous evaluation of the parameters S-drain and L-drain and the permeability ratio k(h)/k(v) is carried out prior to field work. Otherwise, "accidents" may emerge as found out in this project.
Open Access
Analysis of Facial Emotion Expression in Eating Occasions Using Deep Learning
(Springer, 2023) ELİF, YILDIRIM; AKBULUT, FATMA PATLAR; Çatal, Çağatay
Eating is experienced as an emotional social activity in any culture. There are factors that influence the emotions felt during food consumption. The emotion felt while eating has a significant impact on our lives and affects different health conditions such as obesity. In addition, investigating the emotion during food consumption is considered a multidisciplinary problem ranging from neuroscience to anatomy. In this study, we focus on evaluating the emotional experience of different participants during eating activities and aim to analyze them automatically using deep learning models. We propose a facial expression-based prediction model to eliminate user bias in questionnaire-based assessment systems and to minimize false entries to the system. We measured the neural, behavioral, and physical manifestations of emotions with a mobile app and recognize emotional experiences from facial expressions. In this research, we used three different situations to test whether there could be any factor other than the food that could affect a person’s mood. We asked users to watch videos, listen to music or do nothing while eating. This way we found out that not only food but also external factors play a role in emotional change. We employed three Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures, fine-tuned VGG16, and Deepface to recognize emotional responses during eating. The experimental results demonstrated that the fine-tuned VGG16 provides remarkable results with an overall accuracy of 77.68% for recognizing the four emotions. This system is an alternative to today’s survey-based restaurant and food evaluation systems.
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Analysis of Factors Affecting the Capital Adequacy Ratio in the Turkish Banking Sector
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2022) KÖTEN, AYŞEGÜL BERRAK
The banking sector performs financial intermediation transactions in accordance with its basic function. Factors such as the diversification of financial products and rapid change in technology cause changes in the structure of the banking sector while also revealing the different types of risks. With regard to bank risk and profitability management, it is vital that capital structures are at such a level as to meet the risks. The adequacy and strength of the capital structures in banks are the basic conditions for the functioning of the system and the establishment of trust. Keeping this ratio at certain levels and ensuring continuity in this value is very important for banks to work effectively and efficiently. The study aims to determine the long-term relationships of factors affecting the capital adequacy ratio (CAR) with the help of Westerlund and Edgerton (2007) LM Bootstrap panel cointegration test for commercial (deposit), development and investment and Islamic banking groups with the annual data for the 2010–2020 period in Turkish banking sector. As a result of the analysis of the three bank groups, it was determined that the total assets, liquidity adequacy ratio, and equity/total risk-weighted item ratios positively affected the capital adequacy ratio, and the market risk and nonperforming loan (NPL)/total cash loan ratios were statistically significantly affected. Furthermore, the coefficiency of the error correction term was negative and statistically significant, and the error correction mechanism was seen to be working. The most effective variable on capital adequacy was seen as the liquidity adequacy ratio. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Open Access
Analysis of Instagram Content of the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UN Tourism)
(Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2024) Hazarhun, Eda; Bülbül, Serdar; ARSLAN, PELİN FATMA TUNA; Çetinsöz, Burçin Cevdet
The aim of this study is to discover what kind of posts are shared on the official Instagram page of the World Tourism Organization and the general information (number of followers, followed, number of posts, etc.) of the account. For this purpose, 213 photos and texts shared on the official Instagram account of the World Tourism Organization between 1 January 2023 and 1 January 2024 (one year) were subjected to content analysis. As a result of the content analysis; 12 main themes were identified: "celebrations", "country promotions", "tourism statistics", "tourism reports", "guidelines", "declaration", "tourism programs and strategies", "important days", "announcements", "news", "tourism types" and "tourism ambassadors". According to these themes, it has been determined that the World Tourism Organization used particular importance to strategies for ensuring both environmental and cultural sustainability in tourism, innovation and digitalization practices in tourism, global climate change and the development of tourism education. In addition, the World Tourism Organization focuses on the development of alternative tourism types such as "sustainable tourism", "gastronomy tourism", "responsible tourism", "rural tourism", "mountain tourism", "greener tourism", "event tourism", "marine tourism", "indigenous tourism", "sport tourism" and "accessible tourism", which enable tourism to spread to twelve months in destinations, reduce environmental destruction, protect local cultural values and transfer them to future generations and provide tourists with different experiences. This study contributes to the enrichment of the relevant literature by revealing the tourism strategies and policies that the World Tourism Organization has recently focused on and the alternative tourism types that have become a trend.
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Analysis of the Lingering Effects of COVID-19 on Distance Education
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) KOCAÇINAR, BÜŞRA; QARIZADA, NASIBULLAH; DİKKAYA, CİHAN; AZGUN, EMİRHAN; ELİF, YILDIRIM; AKBULUT, FATMA PATLAR
Education has been severely impacted by the spread of the COVID-19 virus. In order to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 virus and maintain education in the current climate, governments have compelled the public to adopt online platforms. Consequently, this decision has affected numerous lives in various ways. To investigate the impact of COVID-19 on students’ education, we amassed a dataset consisting of 10,000 tweets. The motivations of the study are; (i) to analyze the positive, negative, and neutral effects of COVID-19 on education; (ii) to analyze the opinions of stakeholders in their tweets about the transition from formal education to e-learning; (iii) to analyze people’s feelings and reactions to these changes; and (iv) to analyze the effects of different training methods on different groups. We constructed emotion recognition models utilizing shallow and deep techniques, including Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), Long-short Term Memory (LSTM), Random Forest (RF), Naive Bayes (NB), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Logical Regression (LR). RF algorithms with a bag-of-words model outperformed with over 80% accuracy in recognizing emotions.
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Analytic Functions With Conic Domains Associated With Certain Generalized q-integral Operator
(Korean Mathematical Society, 2023) Ahuja, Om P.; ÇETİNKAYA, ASENA; Jain, Naveen Kumar
In this paper, we define a new subclass of k-uniformly starlike functions of order-gamma (0 <= gamma < 1) by using certain generalized q integral operator. We explore geometric interpretation of the functions in this class by connecting it with conic domains. We also investigate q sufficient coefficient condition, q-Fekete-Szego inequalities, q-Bieberbach De Branges type coefficient estimates and radius problem for functions in this class. We conclude this paper by introducing an analogous subclass of k-uniformly convex functions of order-gamma by using the generalized q-integral operator. We omit the results for this new class because they can be directly translated from the corresponding results of our main class.
Open Access
An Analytical Approach to Identify Design Criteria for Reducing Earthquake Risks in Residential Interiors
(Istanbul Teknik Universitesi, Faculty of Architecture, 2023) Garip, S. Banu; Garip, Ervin; Birgönül, Zeynep; GÜZELCİ, HANDAN
A vital measure to prevent earthquake risks is to retrofit existing buildings or design and construct resistant structures. After increasing the earthquake resistance of buildings, measures taken in building interiors comes to the forefront. In the scope of this study, comprehensive analytical research is conducted to identify the criteria for reducing earthquake risks in the design of residential interior spaces. Reviewing the literature of both national and international publications using the keywords and phrases “Earthquake and Interior Design” “Earthquake and Furniture Design”, “Earthquake and Architectural Design”, “Earthquake and Materials”, “Precautions for Earthquake Damages”, “Earthquake Psychology” is employed as a method. In the next step, criteria extracted from the content analysis are categorized, analyzed and evaluated systematically. Together with this research, a set of measures to reduce earthquake risks for the interior design of residential interiors was presented. It also includes risks and strategies related to categorized interior elements, which designers can use in the design process. Many people could be inside residences, where most daily life is spent during an earthquake. This describes the study’s widespread impact. The design criteria presented are expected to be a source that includes a set of categorized data with a holistic approach to reduce risks, leading to safe design, and ensuring up-to-date continuity of knowledge for future designs.
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An Analytical Approach to Machine Layout Design at a High-Pressure Die Casting Manufacturer
(Springer-Verlag Singapore Pte Ltd., 2022) EMİR, OĞUZ; AKTİN, AYŞE TÜLİN
Sahin Metal was founded in 1975 on a 7500 m(2) area in.Istanbul to supply high-pressure aluminum casting parts to a variety of industries, especially automotive manufacturers. 64 different products are produced with various routings through 14 workstations in the plant. Being a Tier 2 company, these products are then sent to Tier 1 firms and finally reach the leading vehicle manufacturers. Nowadays, increasing competition, changing customer demands, and quality targets bring the necessity of restructuring internal processes. In this regard, Sahin Metal plans to rearrange the existing machine layout to minimize the distance traveled between departments by taking into account the material flow. This study aims to determine an efficient machine layout design by implementing analytical approaches. The study is started by visiting the production facility and meeting with the company's engineers to determine the project roadmap. Following that, the data collection process is initiated, and ABC analysis is performed to define product classes. After this identification, two approaches are utilized simultaneously. The Hollier method is employed to find a logical machine arrangement. In addition, a mathematical model based on the Quadratic Assignment Problem (QAP) is developed to obtain the optimum machine layout. The developed integer nonlinear model is solved by CONOPT using GAMS software under various scenarios. Finally, these results are compared with the existing system, and a convenient layout design is proposed to the company.

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